Conversion of •NO and ONOO − . Activated macrophages simultaneously

Download scientific diagram | Conversion of •NO and ONOO − . Activated macrophages simultaneously produce O 2 • − and •NO. ONOO − is largely protonated to ONOOH (pKa = 6.8) at physiological pH and is spontaneously isomerized to nitrate. During the isomerization, deleterious radical species, •OH and •NO 2 , are produced in lipophilic environments. Cells have protective systems, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and peroxiredoxin (PRDX), that reduce ONOO − to nitrite, in GSH-and thioredoxin (TRX)-dependent manners, respectively. The reaction of ONOO − with CO 2 produces either CO 3 • -+ •NO 2 , which also have antimicrobial effects, or CO 2 + NO 3 -. from publication: Involvement of Nitric Oxide in Protecting against Radical Species and Autoregulation of M1-Polarized Macrophages through Metabolic Remodeling | When the expression of NOS2 in M1-polarized macrophages is induced, huge amounts of nitric oxide (•NO) are produced from arginine and molecular oxygen as the substrates. While anti-microbial action is the primary function of M1 macrophages, excessive activation may result in | Polyamines, Metabolics and Urea | ResearchGate, the professional network for scientists.

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